Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence among Nursing Students in Catalonia, Spain: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229-6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551-5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332-3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people.

Obesity, knee osteoarthritis, and polypathology: factors favoring weight loss in older people.

AIM: We aimed to explore the meaning of obesity in elderly persons with knee osteoarthritis (KO) and to determine the factors that encourage or discourage weight loss. BACKGROUND: Various studies have demonstrated that body mass index is related to KO and that weight loss improves symptoms and functional capacity. However, dietary habits are difficult to modify and most education programs are ineffective. DESIGN: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Intentional sampling was performed in ten older persons with KO who had lost weight and improved their health-related quality of life after participating in a health education program. A thematic content analysis was conducted following the stages proposed by Miles and Huberman. FINDINGS: Participants understood obesity as a risk factor for health problems and stigma. They believed that the cause of obesity was multifactorial and criticized health professionals for labeling them as "obese" and for assigning a moral value to slimness and diet. The factors identified as contributing to the effectiveness of the program were a tolerant attitude among health professionals, group education that encouraged motivation, quantitative dietary recommendations, and a meaningful learning model based on social learning theories. CONCLUSION: Dietary self-management without prohibitions helped participants to make changes in the quantity and timing of some food intake and to lose weight without sacrificing some foods that were deeply rooted in their culture and preferences. Dietary education programs should focus on health-related quality of life and include scientific knowledge but should also consider affective factors and the problems perceived as priorities by patients.

Perceptions of diabetes obtained through drawing in childhood and adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether drawing is useful in the detection of problems of psychosocial adaptation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in improving communication with health professionals. METHODS: We performed an exploratory descriptive study in 199 children and adolescents with T1D aged 4-13 years. The participants were asked to render a drawing on a suggested topic. The variables analyzed were related to the drawing and to clinical and sociodemographic data. RESULTS: Most participants showed evidence of having a well-balanced personality, but there were also signs of affective or psychosocial difficulties. CONCLUSION: Drawing is a useful technique by which to identify children's and adolescents' feelings and possible problems in adapting to T1D, as well as to gain information directly from the children themselves. Future studies should delimit the possibilities of this technique in clinical practice in greater detail.

Programa de promoción de la salud mental dirigido a la población adolescente en la escuela / No disponible

Antes de nada me gustaría aclarar que la elaboración del siguiente proyecto de investigación surge de una inquietud personal por trabajar en el campo de la salud mental infanto-juvenil, pero que, sin embargo, la intención ha sido plasmar un posible instrumento de trabajo, por lo que dicho proyecto nunca ha sido implantado.Dada la elevada incidencia actual de los trastornos mentales en la población adolescente, es necesario plantear un programa de promoción de la salud mental dirigido a esta población y llevado a cabo por el personal de enfermería. Este programa consistirá en unas escalas de valoración inicial, una puesta en marcha de unas actividades que refuercen determinadas conductas (NIC) y unas escalas de valoración al final de dicho programa

Before nothing I would like to clarify that the elaboration of the following project of research arises from a personal restlessness for being employed at the field of the mental infanto-juvenile health, but that, nevertheless, the intention has been to form a possible instrument of work, by what the above mentioned project has never been implanted.Given the high current effect of the mental disorders in the population teenager, is necessary to raise a program of promotion of the mental health directed this population and carried out by the personnel of nursing. This program will consist of a few scales of initial valuation, a putting of march of a few activities that reinforce certain conducts (NIC) and a few scales of valuation at the end of the above mentioned program

Efectividad de la atención domiciliaria de enfermería administrada a pacientes con trastorno mental severo: ensayo clínico controlado / Effectiveness of a home care nursing program for patients with severe mental disorder: a controlled clinical trial

Objetivo. Conocer la efectividad de un programa de atención domiciliaria de enfermería (PADE) administrado a pacientes con trastorno mental severo. Método. Se aplicó un ensayo clínico controlado, con grupo experimental y grupo control, y mediciones pre y postintervención. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 52 pacientes afectados por un trastorno mental severo, residentes en la ciudad de Badalona (Barcelona). El PADE (intervención) se llevo a cabo durante 1 año y para evaluar su efectividad se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: DAI (Drug Attitude Inventory); juicio clínico global; GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning); QLS (Quality of Life Satisfaction); cuestionario de grados de insight en pacientes esquizofrénicos I-II. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas. Resultados. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes en el grupo experimental y 22 en el grupo control. En el grupo experimental se consiguió: a) aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento (p = 0,001); b) incrementar el grado de vinculación a los centros de salud mental (p < 0,001); c) reducir el número de reingresos y los días de reingreso (media de 14 días por año en el grupo experimental frente a 74 días por año en el grupo control); d) aumentar el nivel de calidad de vida de los pacientes, en los aspectos intrapsíquicos (p = 0,02), relacionales (p = 0,02) y de actividades cotidianas (p = 0,021), y e) incrementar ligeramente su capacidad funcional. Conclusiones. Los resultados permiten concluir que el PADE incide favorablemente en el nivel general de salud de los pacientes afectados de un trastorno mental severo

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of a home care nursing program in patients with a severe mental disorder. Method. In a year-long controlled clinical trial, 52 patients with severe mental disorder resident in the city of Badalona (Barcelona) were examined pre- and post- intervention. The following instruments were used to assess the program's effectiveness: the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI), Global Clinical Impression (GCI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Quality of Life Satisfaction (QLS), and the Degrees of Insight Questionnaire in Schizophrenic Patients I-II. The data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results. There were 30 patients in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. In the experimental group, the trial: a) increased patients' adherence to treatment (p = 0.001); b) enhanced the links with the mental health community center (p < 0.001); c) reduced the number of readmissions and length of hospital stay (a mean of 14 days per year in the experimental group versus a mean of 74 days per year in the control group); d) increased patients' quality of life: intrapsychic (p = 0.02), relational (p = 0.02) and everyday activities (p = 0.021); and e) achieved a slight increase in their functional capacity. Conclusions. The results suggest that the home care nursing program has a positive impact on the general health of patients with severe mental disorder